Assalomu alaykum,
In this lesson we learn Suffixations in Uzbek language. I try to include all possibilities. Take your time to review them, as I know it might be difficult to learn all of them in one lesson. I will try to make another lesson out of it with some quizes and more examples.
You can also check out earlier lesson about
Personal pronouns here
and its suffixes forms, because it is also related to the subject.
The lexical meanings and grammatical functions of Uzbek words are indicated primarily by adding elements called suffixes to the ends of the words.
for example,
ko'z+lar+im 'eye+s+my'='my eyes'
1. Word formation suffixes.
Nominals and verbals with new lexical meanings can be created in Uzbek language through suffixation.So by adding suffixes we create new lexical meaning:
| bosh |
head (anatomy) |
| boshliq |
chief, foreman |
| boshlamoq |
to begin (infinitive) |
Adding a suffix to a verbal root or word also produces a nominal or a verbal with a new lexical meaning:
| boshlanmoq | to be begun (infinitive) |
| boshlang'ich | beginning, elementary |
2. Grammatical suffixes
Grammatical functions like number, case, mood or tense is accomplished by adding suffixes to words. These grammatical suffixes chage the relationship of one word to other words in a sentence, but they do not change the basic lexical meaning of the word:
| Lexical | | Grammatical | |
| uy | home | uyda | at home |
| uylamoq | to marry | uyga keldi | he came home |
| uylanmoq | to get married | uylandi | he got married |
3. Plural suffix
The Uzbek language plural suffix
-lar is added to nominals to indicate that there is more than one subject or object, but also to verbals to indicate that there is mor than one subject. But NOTE that after a numeral, the plural suffix is not added to nominals:
| qiz | daughter | keldi | he came |
| qizlar | daughters | keldilar | they came |
| uch qiz | three daughters |
4. Case suffixes
Case suffixes express relationships between nominals and verbals and are equivalent to English 'to', 'in', 'from' and other ideas:
| o'g'il | son | o'g'ilga | to the son |
| xalq | people | xalqdan | from the people |
| kitob | book | kitobda | in the book |
5. Possession suffixes
Uzbek has several means of expressing possession. One means require adding possessive suffixes to a nominal:
| kitobim | my book | kitobimiz | our book |
| kitobing | your book | kitobingiz | your book |
(singular) - (plural)
A second means requires the possessive relationship construction.
In Uzbek, the possessor of an object is placed first, often with the suffix
-ning, while the person or object possessed is placed second, always with the suffex
-i or
-si (plural
-lari). The Uzbek equivalent of an English phrase like 'my daughter's book' is the following:
| qizimning kitobi | daughter+my+of book+her= my daughter's book |
6. Infitive suffix
The Uzbek equivalent of the English infinitive of verbs ('to enter', 'to see', etc.) is created by adding suffix
-moq to the verbal root. Without this or other suffixes, the verbal root express the familiar or at times impolite imperative mood:
| kirmoq | to enter (infinitive) |
| kir! | enter (singular, familiar, impolite) |
7. Mood suffixes
To express moods like the imperative or the conditional, Uzbek adds suffixes to verbal roots:
| kiring! | come in! (singular, familiar, polite) |
| kirsa | if he enters |
8. Tense suffixes
In Uzbek, tenses like past, present, and future are formed by adding suffixes to a verbal root, including the past tense suffix
-di:
| kelmoq | to come (infinitive) |
| keldi | he came |
Uzbek combines the meanings of English present and future tenses into one idea that is expressed by the suffix
-a or
-y. This present-future tense indicates hat an action occurs as a habit in the present and may occur at some point in the future:
| o'qimoq | to read (infinitive) |
| o'qiydi | he reads (as a habit), he will read (tomorrow) |
Enjoy learning and practicing, if there are questions, please don't hesitate to post in the comments!
Coming up: Quiz and examples (Suffixations), and some entertainment videos about Uzbekistan.
Ko'rishguncha!
Suffixations - Learn Uzbek Language
Last Reviewed by UzbekClasson Dec 13 2013
Rating: 4.7
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